Photographs, and

History of the 487th Bomb Squadron

by B-25 Pilot Charles M. Cook,
Alesan, Corsica, 1944-1945

Edited by his son Douglas J. Cook

If you knew Charles Cook in the Army Air Corps, please email me with any stories you may have to share.

340^th Bomb Group   487^th Squadron INDEX

CHARLES COOK Military Career Chronology
DATE	ACTION
April 28, 1941	Drafted to Ft. Sheridan, IL
December 7, 1941	Pearl Harbor attacked; US enters WWII
May 26, 1942	Transferred from Pvt. 627th Tank Destroyer Bn.
	to Aviation Cadet Ft. Ord. CA
July 28, 1943	Graduated 2nd Lt. Pilot Yuma, AZ
July 29, 1943	Transferred Columbia Army Air Base, SC
	309th BG 378th BS B-25 G strafing training
February 21, 1944	Unlimited Pilot rating
February 21, 1944	Transferred to 340th BG 487th Squadron
February 28, 1944	Orders received to ship overseas
	through N. Africa to base at Guado (Paestum), Italy
March 22, 1944	Vesuvius erupts destroying base and planes
March 31, 1944	First training sortie in theater
April 3, 1944	First combat mission
April 13, 1944	Moved from Guado Base to Alesan, Corsica
May 13, 1944	Germans attack Alesan Air Base
June 12, 1944	Promoted to 1st Lt.
December 1, 1944	Promoted to Captain, US Army Air Corps
January 29, 1945	Completed 72 combat missions
February 12, 1945	Transferred back to US by Air Transport Command
	via Casablanca to Dakar, Senegal to Natal, Brazil to Miami
April 17, 1945	Assigned Minter Field, CA
May 31, 1945	Yuma, AZ as C.O. Training squadron 80 pilots with 80 students
September 10, 1945	to Ft. Sheridan, IL released from service but joined reserves
	into 1948

Anecdotes from Dad

This autobiographical accounting of his WWII service was written around 1988.

I started my military career on April 28, 1941 after I was selected to represent my community in the Armed Service  (DRAFTED!) for one year.

I was sent to Fort Sheridan, Illinois for indoctrination and clothing. I was at Fort Sheridan only a few days and was assigned to an infantry company in the Illinois National Guard 33rd Division at Camp Forest, Tennessee. I spent only a few weeks in this infantry company when I was assigned to the military police company because of my experience riding a motorcycle. Life was not too bad in this unit except we very seldom got a weekend leave due to doing police duty in Nashville.

On December 7, 1941, war was declared.  My year of active duty was down the drain.  I was in for the duration.

I was not very satisfied to be in a military police unit during the war, so I, along with several other men, volunteered to go to a tank destroyer unit at Fort McClellan, Alabama.

Life was miserable in this unit.  Everyone was discontented, including the officers.  The food was terrible; in fact we pulled a strike and would not fall out for reveille.  The Captain was really flabbergasted.  He finally got us in formation about the middle of the afternoon and asked us what was wrong. Everyone complained about the food.  He asked if any cooks had come with us. Two volunteered to cook, of which one was a mechanic.  The next morning the mess hall was spic and span and we had a nice meal of bacon and eggs.  That night we had pie for dessert which I never expected in the Army. This took care of the food problem, but the personnel discontent was still there.  Everyone was trying to get out.  The Colonel was not cooperative because he wanted to keep his unit at full strength to go overseas.

Since my brother Orrin had been accepted for pilot training I decided to try.  [ Orrin V. Cook became a B-25 pilot assigned to the Pacific Theater with the 345^th BG 500^th Squadron at Port Moresby, New Guinea.  He met with tragedy on his third mission when he was hit by anti-aircraft fire over the Japanese held base at Wewak, New Guinea. A flak shell burst right in front of his cockpit and shrapnel took off two of his fingers and ripped through his cheek and nose. Thankfully he survived and was out of action.] I started to get my credentials together.  We moved to San Louis Obispo in California in preparation to go overseas, but I still kept trying.  After I got all my papers together I was held up by the Colonel who did not want to loose any of his unit.  I knew that the air force had priority and had a confrontation with the Colonel.  The Adjutant agreed with me and convinced the Colonel he had no right to hold up my application.  In a fit of anger he approved my application. I spread the news to the other men and there was a flood of applications for Air Force and Officer Training.

Before I had all my tests completed we moved to Fort Ord, California to prepare for shipping out for overseas duty.  As it turned out I passed the physical exam one morning, wrecked my motorcycle that afternoon and ended up in the hospital.  The next morning the unit got orders to go overseas. I stayed in the hospital until my wrist was healed and was then assigned to a replacement unit where I pulled guard duty until I was called to the Air Corps. I left Fort Ord, went to Santa Ana Camp Air Base at Santa Ana, California. Here we had more physicals, mental test and many other tests to see if we were pilot material.  Those of us that were left-after this spent two months of studies and close order drills.

Charles Cook Transferred from Pvt. 627th Tank Destroyer Bn.

to Aviation Cadet Ft. Ord. CA

My next move was to Primary Cal-Aero Academy at the Ontario, California. This had been a school for civilian pilots before the war.  There was not much military at this base, just the business of learning to fly plus meteorology,

Charles Cook learning to fly a Stearman .

mechanics, etc.  We flew the Stearman which was an open cockpit, bi-wing plane.

Charles Cook learning to fly a Stearman .

After two months here we moved on to basic training at Merced Army Air Base at Ontario, California.  Here we flew a BT-13A which was a low wing closed cockpit plane.  We learned to fly cross country, formation, and night flying.

Our next move was to Yuma Army Air Base, Yuma, Arizona. Here we flew the AT-17 and AT-9 which were low wing twin engine planes.

We continued to fly cross country, formation and more night flying but now we are flying with a co-pilot.

I graduated as a Second Lieutenant on July 28, 1943.  1 had asked to fly B-25s and I was lucky enough to get my choice. From Yuma I was assigned to the Sacramento Army Air Base at Sacramento, California, which was a transition school to learn to fly the B-25.  The training was the same as in advance except it was in a combat plane. From Sacramento I was sent to the Columbia Army Air Base at Columbia, South Carolina, where I was assigned a crew.  My training was to be in a B-25G. This plane carried a 75 mm cannon in its nose, therefore, I did not have a bombardier or co-pilot.  The plane had only one set of controls and the navigator sat in the co-pilots seat.  His duties included loading the cannon.  We trained together for several months. 

Charles Cook Graduated 2nd Lt. Pilot Yuma, AZ

Transferred Columbia Army Air Base, SC

309th BG 378th BS B-25 G strafing training

Crew training 309th BG 378th Sq Thompson, Cook, Yuskutat, Worsham, Zlacket, Thompson

B-25 G rigged with a 75 mm cannon in Corsica.

From Columbia we were sent to Savannah, Georgia, to prepare for overseas and to get our assignment for theatre of war.  I was assigned to Southern Europe. From Savannah we went to Newport News and boarded a ship on which we spent nine days and landed at Casablanca in Africa.  After a few days at Casablanca we were flown to a replacement depot somewhere in Northern Africa.  I have forgotten where this was.

From here I was assigned to the [57^th Bomb Wing- 340^th Bomb Group] 487th Bombardment Squadron at Guado (Paestem) Italy.  It had been at Pompeii but Mount Vesuvius erupted ruining the field and all the planes.  They received new planes from the replacement depot in Africa and moved in with another group at Paestem.

Ancient Greek Temple at Paestum

[The eruption of Vesuvius of 1944 occurs shortly after the arrival in Naples of the allied forces in World War II. The eruption caught by surprise the military and destroyed the air force planes stationed in the airport of Terzigno east of the mountain.  An entire wing of 88 B-25’s was damaged by the eruption.]

The only thing the men already over there could talk about was how rough it was flying over the Anzio beachhead.  [Attacks on Monte Cassino on 17th January, 1944 resulted in the Germans reserves moving to the Gustav Line and on 22nd January the 6th Corps landed at Anzio. Lucas decided not to push straight away to the Alban Hills. This enabled General Heinrich Vietinghoff to order the 14th Army to return to the area and contain the 6th Corps on the Anzio bridgehead. General Mackensen counterattacked on 15th February 1944 but this was halted by the American troops. Winston Churchill was furious with Lucas and commented "I had hoped that we were hurling a wildcat onto the shore, but all we got was a stranded whale." General George Marshall accepted the criticism and Lucas was replaced by General Lucian Truscott. On 18th May, 1944, Allied troops led by General Wladyslaw Anders (Polish Corps) and General Alphonse Juin (French Corps) captured Monte Cassino. This opened a corridor for Allied troops and they reached Anzio on 24th May. The German defense now disintegrated and General Mark Clark was able to take his forces direct to Rome which he liberated on 4th June, 1944. Excerpted ]

B-25 in formation flying into very heavy “hot” flak.

All planes in the area were called in to help the allies break out and move on into Italy.  The area was covered with a low overcast, requiring the flights to fly under them to hit their targets.  This made them sitting ducks for enemy anti-aircraft fire.  The losses were very heavy.  Even the group commander was shot down.  Axis Sally of the German propaganda station report that he was taken prisoner uninjured. On my third mission we were shot up pretty badly, having 107 holes in the plane.  Our radio man was the only one injured.  He got a small piece of flak in his thigh, but it was only minor.  He was flying again three days later.

B-25 “LIL SCOOPER” after a belly landing

We were only on Italian soil about six weeks when we moved to Corsica. [The 340^th Bomb Group moved to Alesan, Corsica from Guado (Paestum) on April 14, 1945.  The base of the 340^th Bomb Group at Alesan Airfield was attacked in the early morning hours of May 13, 1944 by the German Air Force.

Alesan Air Base in the aftermath of the German Raid May, 13, 1944

Note: 487^th Planes 7N and 7P survived

Photo courtesy of Herman Voss- custodian of John Sterrett-Tail Gunner 486^th BS

This according to “Axis Sally” was in retaliation for US bomber dropping phosphorous bombs on anti-aircraft gun positions. The US began this practice where anti-aircraft flak became extremely heavy and dangerous to tactical bombing missions. The attacking German force was estimated at 20-30 planes which bombed and strafed the airbase. The attack lasted about an hour and fifteen minutes. Casualties were exceedingly high from the strafing, bombing, and B-25’s blowing up with full bomb loads. (Excerpted from 489^th Squadron Book from Q. Kaiser) Noteworthy is that my father never mentioned this horrific incident in any of his recounts of his duty on Corsica.

ANECDOTES FROM DAD:

1) While on a training mission off Corsica, Dad was returning to base along the coast a low altitude and noticed some local women sunbathing on the beach. He banked the B-25 around for another “close” pass and got so close to the beach that his copilot remarked, “Damn! Charlie you flew the plane right underneath those girls!” 

2) On a bombing mission, the plane took flak damage and the bomb racks jammed so the bombs wouldn’t drop. He did not want to land back at base with a full bomb bay, so when over open water, he crawled back into the open bomb bay and kicked on the stuck bombs until they let loose! That one reminds me of Slim Pickens in ‘Dr. Strangelove’. Thankfully, Dad held on tight, got the bomb bay closed, and landed safely.

Also noteworthy is the way he painted a rather mundane picture of the very real danger the crews faced on each and every mission. The only crew photo he had in his collection is posted here with him in front of the B-25 “McKinley Jr. High.”  Soon after this photo, that plane was shot down by German flak over Griciliana, Italy killing the pilot and top turret and waist gunners. (The tale is well written by the surviving co-pilot Harry D. George in his book “Georgio Italiano” ISBN 1-55212-538-6 ]

CREW PHOTO of McKINLEY JR. HIGH after her MAIDEN MISSION MAY 19, 1944

PLANE was SHOT DOWN JUNE 22, 1944

“Left to right) Pilot 1^st Lt. William A. McLaughlin ; Pilot 2^nd Lt. Charles M. Cook (photo credit);

Radio Operator/Gunner T/Sgt. Harvey Hyland;Turret Gunner/Engineer Sgt. Eugene Simonson;

Tail Gunner Sgt. Robert Bishop; Copilot 2^nd Lt. George Simpson (shot down April 6 and made it back!)

(kneeling) Crew Chief S/Sgt. Howard Pinneo; Asst. Crew Chief/ Gunner S/Sgt Charles Floyd

Charles Cook at the controls of B-25 “Rum Dum”

Charles Cook at the controls-   Ready for action?

From Corsica we could hit Southern France as well as Italy.  We even flew across Italy to bomb a bridge in Yugoslavia.  Bombing bridges was about the only targets we hit.  We even got a citation for 63 hits in a row.  The purpose of bombing bridges was to keep the German troops from getting supplies.  [First Lt. Charles Cook was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross while based in Corsica for his participation in the Allied “D” Day invasion of southern France.  While bombing bridges in Avignon, his plane was hit by flak from German anti-aircraft guns. He managed to keep his plane on course and successfully dropped his bomb payload on target.]

Lt. Charles Cook

Awarded Distinguished Flying Cross

We stayed on Corsica for the duration of my stay overseas.  I had flown 70 missions and according to the group commander I automatically had combat fatigue.  When I first arrived overseas the crews were sent home after 50 missions, before I had flown that many it was raised to 60.  Before reaching 60 it was changed requiring us to fly until we had combat fatigue, whatever that is.  [Note this is the “Catch-22” theme: Author Joseph Heller was in the 489^th Squadron at Alesan, Corsica]

I saw enemy fighters only once.  I was leading a box of six planes on the right side of a flight consisting of three boxes.  Three ME-109s attacked the box on the left.  One was shot down and the only damage we received was one wounded tail gunner.

487^th SQUADRON MISSION SHEET JAN. 20, 1945:  Charles Cook now promoted to Captain is assigned as squadron lead plane 7H on a mission to hit German RR lines in Trento, Italy in the Brenner Pass.   Note that plane and crew 7L did not return from the mission. Credit: Dominic Taddei

[BRENNER PASS: Operation Bingo On 6, November 1944 the Germans were holding the high ridges in the Northern Apennine mountains they called THE GOTHIC LINE. This defense line ran through the mountain ranges that reached, almost unbroken, from La Spezia on the north west coast of Italy to the City of Rimini on the Adriactic. Near the center and behind the German lines was the important transportation center of Bologna. Rail lines bringing war supplies from Germany, were for the most part routed through the Brenner Pass. Other rail lines from Austria were further east and led south into Venice and then into Bologna. These were the two main transportation lines that fueled the German machines in Italy. It was estimated that 24,000 tons of supplies was flowing to the German troops each day. That was five times the minimum daily requirements needed to support the German troops that were locked in a winter stalemate with our Allied forces. On the 6th. of November 1944, Operation BINGO was put into effect. It's objective was to stop the flow of German goods coming to the fighting front by closing off the Brenner Pass. The four B-25 bomb groups belonging to the 57^th Bomb Wing were to carry the bulk of the load. The German's main defensive

weapon was the 8.8cm. Fliegerabwehrkanone, shortened to Flak. The 88 fired a 9.24KG  (20.34 pound) shell to over 49,000 feet. It was coupled with the KG 40 gun director and the 41D gun laying radar. The primary defense fell to the German 5th. and 127th. Flak Regiments that manned the 366 heavy, anti-aircraft guns that were stationed from Verona, in the south, to Innsbruk, in the north with more heavy guns moved in around Ala and Rovereto.  In January, 1945, flak batteries continued to increase. More guns moved into Bressanone and Verona. There were now 475 heavy guns guarding the Brenner. Some were stationed in the mountains as high as 3000 feet above sea level. One battery, west of Ala, was reported at the 4100 foot level. Anti-flak operations continued with a new twist, with a formation of three B-25 anti-flak planes leading the bombing formation, dropping chaff and white phosphorous bombs to burn the gunners and hide the formation with the smoke. Despite these efforts, of the 48 missions flown over the Brenner, 1250 sorties, that month, 39 drew flak, Two hundred and twenty four aircraft were holed and 5 lost. Excerpted from an article By Frank B. Dean, 380th., 310th.]

[Losses during the battles over the Po River Valley and Brenner Pass were high during the interdiction campaign these units conducted. The 489th BS lost 75 aircraft (three times its assigned strength) while was flying out of Alasan, Corsica, either because they didn’t return from missions or couldn’t be repaired after limping back. ]

I flew home by Air Transport Command, starting from Naples, Italy. We had three day layovers at Casablanca, Dakar, Africa, Natal Brazil and up to Miami.  [Arrival in Miami February 12, 1945]

I went home for two weeks and then back to Santa Ana for redistribution in the training command.  From here I was sent to Minter Field, at Bakersfield, California. My stay at Minter was short.  They turned the field over to the Chinese and we were sent to Yuma of all places. At Yuma we were training bombardiers and navigators in radar bombing and navigation.  We would fly the planes to 10,000 feet and set them on automatic pilot and let them fly to the training target and back.  When back over the field we would let down and land again.

I came back from overseas as a Captain and therefore, I was appointed as C.O. of a training squadron [ at Yuma, AZ] which consisted of 80 pilots and 80 students.[ Dad’s promotion must have been effective in the field before the papers got to Washington, D.C. It obviously took paperwork a long time to get to and from Washington. Charles Cook’s citation on promotion to Captain was effective September 28, 1945 and signed December 15, 1945.]  The Armistice was signed while I was at Yuma and I elected to get out of the service and was sent back to Fort Sheridan for discharge and was released in September, 1945.

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Bonnie (Rahn) Cook (age 20)

[Charles Merle Cook was born on March 17, 1918 in a farmhouse in Alexis, Illinois to Edward (born circa 1865 died circa 1955) and Fanny (McCaw) Cook. He was number 14 of 15 children. Charles and Bonnie Cook met in June, 1945 and were married November 11, 1945.  Then Dad went to college on the G.I. bill at Augustana College and graduated from University of Illinois (Champagne) with a BS in